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Oceanographic Station GAK1 Hydrographic Time Series |
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Oceanographic Station GAK1 Hydrographic Time Series |
Located at the mouth of Resurrection Bay near Seward, Alaska, temperature and salinity versus depth profiles have been taken at oceanographic station GAK1 since December, 1970.This multi-decade time series is one of the longest running oceanographic profile time series in the North Pacific. Long-term means of temperature and density at selected depths show the annual cycle of these two water properties. Monthly mean profiles at the standard depths are shown here, of temperature and salinity. Anomalies show interannual variation in the thermohaline structure at GAK1. Salinity, not temperature, is the primary variable that drives the density here in the northern Gulf of Alaska. The annual cycle of salinity closely follows that of density at all depths. GAK1 is the station closest to shore on the Seward Line transect of hydrographic stations, which extends approximately 230 km to the southeast of GAK1. For reference, we provide Gulf of Alaska a large-scale look at the surface current field, annual precipitation rates, and a view of the topographic/bathymetric relief.
Access Data Here
The first column of the CTD profile data file is the platform abbreviation and cruise number. The second column is the consecutive station number of the GAK1 cast (a unique identifing number within the ensemble of all casts for the cruise). The time is in decimal years beginning on 1 January. Depth in meters is next followed by temperature (°C), salinity (psu), sigma-t (kg/m3) and dynamic height (dynamic meters).
Background: For the first 20 years, sampling was accomplished by ships-of-opportunity, primarily research vessels as they left or entered the port, thus the time interval varied from several times per month to several times per year. Since September 1990 the sampling has been accomplished monthly, usually as a single CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profile to within 10m of the bottom, 263m. The location is 59° 50.7' N, 149° 28.0' W and is located within the Alaska Coastal Current, so it is well "connected" with the shelf circulation. The platform is the R/V Little Dipper, a 26' vessel. Samples taken between September 1990 and 1996 were sponsored by NOAA's Office of Global Programs (Office of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Ocean Observing Division, Observing Networks Branch) and since that time by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustees Council.
Until about 1975, the profiling was accomplished with discrete samples using Nansen bottles. Since that time STDs (salinity-temperature-depth) or CTDs have been used. The accuracies of the temperature and salinity are plus/minus 0.02 in °C and PSU. Since parts of the record were discrete samples, we have only used the values at the standard oceanographic depths for this time series, though the other values are available. A summary of the seasonal cycle in these data was published in Xiong and Royer (1984) and the interannual variability was discussed in Royer (1989 and 1993). These data have been used in attempts to explain changes in biological populations of the region (e.g., Parker, et al., 1993; Muter, et al., 1993; Suryan et al., 2021).
The sampling was enhanced by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOSTC) with the addition of a subsurface mooring with temperature and conductivity sensors placed at six depths through the water column. Mooring data is available starting in 1998. The EVOSTC webpage has annual reports and otherliterature employing the use of GAK1 data. Sampling was also supplemented by the NSF/NOAA 1997-2004 Northeast Pacific GLOBEC program. Since 2012, the GAK1 dataset has been under the umbrella of the Gulf Watch Alaska program's Environmental Drivers component, benefitting also from Seward Line support from from EVOSTC, the Alaska Ocean Observing System and the North Pacific Reseach Board. In 2018 the National Science Foundation's Northern Gulf of Alaska LTER program began assisting the GAK1 data collections with additional vessel-of-opportunity visits for CTD casts and occasional mooring operations.
Data use constraints: This data is freely available to the public. This material is based on work funded by multiple entities, including the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of funding entities. Standard scientific norms for attribution, credit, and potential co-authorship should be followed when using these data including to the Owners, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council and other sources of funding. Please acknowledge use in publications and alert the PI to new applications and publications so that we can continue to show the utility of the GAK1 data.
Data Plots of Mooring Time Series - By Deployment:
1998 1999-2000 2000-2002 2002-2003 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023 2023-2024 2024-2025
Odds and Ends
Current and ongoing research utilizing the GAK1 time series includes evaluation of the Gulf of Alaska fresh water and heat budgets. We find that GAK1 can serve to nowcast and hindcast the baroclinic volume transport andthe fresh water content within coastal current (Weingartner et. al., 2005).
Gulf of Alaska Coastal Discharge through the end of 2013. The Discharge Data File contains monthly estimates of the Alaskan Southeast and South Coast runoff following Royer [1982]. Because the National Weather Service divisional data summaries are no longer provided with the same spatial domains as when this methodology was created, this dataset will not be further updated. For more recent years, we suggest using the modeled coastal discharge of OSU's David Hill (see Beamer et al. [2016]). For more information on freshwater discharge, the Alaska Coastal Current, and measurements taken in the Northern Gulf of Alaska near station GAK1, also see our Cape Fairfield Line homepage and NPRB project #734.
GAK1 Bibliography:
Peer-reviewed journal articles, graduate theses and dissertations, and natural resource management reports employing data collected at oceanographic station GAK1:
If you find the GAK1 time series useful, please let us know. If you do use the GAK1 data in your research, managment applications, or outreach we would appreciate an email so that we can keep this list up to date. Graduate Student Master’s theses and Doctoral dissertations (16)
Bechtol, W.R., 2009. Abundance, recruitment, and environmental forcing of Kodiak red king crab. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Doctoral dissertation, 205 p
Blackmon, T.J., 2020. Growth of Pacific Razor Clams in Cook Inlet, Alaska, Doctoral dissertation dissertation, Alaska Pacific University.
Chan, P.T-W., 2016. Subarctic Crustose Coralline Algae as Recorders of Past Climatic and Environmental Change. Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, http://hdl.handle.net/1807/89045.
Chenoweth, E.M., 2018. Bioenergetic and Economic Impacts of Humpback Whale Depredation at Salmon Hatchery Release Sites. Doctoral dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Danielson, S.L., 2012. Variability in the circulation, temperature, and salinity fields of the eastern Bering Sea Shelf in response to atmospheric forcing. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Doctoral dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Fedewa, E.J., 2015, Pre- and Post-settlement processes of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) in relation to interannual variability in temperature and productivity in the Gulf of Alaska, Master's thesis, Oregon State U., https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/gx41mm74h.
Greene, S., 2026. Oceanographic Characteristics of Mariculture Sites Across the Central Gulf of Alaska, Master's thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Kelley, J. 2015, An Examination of Hydrography and Sea Level in the Gulf of Alaska. Master’s thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Mueter, F.J., 1999. Spatial and temporal patterns in the Gulf of Alaska groundfish community in relation to the environments, Doctoral dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Olson, A.P., 2016. Spatial variability in size at maturity and reproductive timing of golden kind crab (Lithodes aequispinus) in Southeast Alaska. M.S. Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Questel, J.M., 2016. Controls on Zooplankton Assemblages in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea. Doctoral dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Sarkar, N., 2007, Mixed layer dynamics along the Seward Line in the northern Gulf of Alaska, Doctoral dissertation, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 71p.
Simmons, H. L, 1996. Estimation of freshwater runoff into Prince William Sound using a digital elevation model. Master’s thesis, 78 pp., Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks.
Tanedo, S., 2016. Using Remote Camera Techniques to Study Black-Legged Kittiwake (Rissa Tridactyla) Productivity in Resurrection Bay in the Northern Gulf of Alaska. Master’s thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Tribuzio, C.A.,. 2009. Life history, demography and ecology of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the Gulf of Alaska: Critical information for aiding management, Doctoral dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Turner, J.S., 2015. Investigating marine particle distributions and processes using in situ optical imaging in the Gulf of Alaska. Master’s thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Resource Management Agency and Scientific Organization Reports (20)
Boldt, J. (editor) coauthors, 2003. Ecosystem Considerations for 2004. Plan Teams for the Groundfish Fisheries of the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Boldt, J. (editor) coauthors, 2004. Ecosystem Considerations for 2005. Plan Teams for the Groundfish Fisheries of the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Boldt, J. (editor) coauthors, 2005. Ecosystem Considerations for 2006. The Plan Teams for the Groundfish Fisheries of the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Boldt, J. (editor) coauthors, 2006. Ecosystem Considerations for 2007. Plan Teams for the Groundfish Fisheries of the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Boldt, J. (editor) coauthors, 2007. Ecosystem Considerations for 2008. Plan Teams for the Groundfish Fisheries of the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Boldt, J. (editor) and coauthors, 2008. North Pacific Fishery Management Council Ecosystem Considerations for 2009 for the North Pacific Groundfish Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) and the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington and Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Boldt, J., and S. Zador (editors) and coauthors, 2009. Ecosystem Considerations for 2010 f Plan Teams for the Groundfish Fisheries of the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) and the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington and Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Ferriss, B.E., and Zador, S. (editors). 2020, Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem Status Report 2020. Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA. North Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK
Ferriss, B.E. 2023. Ecosystem Assessment. In: Ferriss, B.E. 2023. Ecosystem Status Report 2023: Gulf of Alaska, Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report , North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 1007 West Third, Suite 400, Anchorage, Alaska 99501.
Ferriss, B.E. 2024. Ecosystem Status Report 2024: Gulf of Alaska, Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report, North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 1007 West Third, Suite 400, Anchorage, Alaska 99501.
Mueter, F.J., 2004, Gulf of Alaska - Marine Ecosystems of the North Pacific, Vol. PICES Special Publication 1 (pp. 153-175): PICES Special Publication 1.
Mueter, F.J., Shotwell, S.K., Atkinson, S., Coffin, B., Doyle, M., Hinckley, S., Rand, K. and Waite, J., 2016. North Pacific Research Board Gulf of Alaska Integrated Ecosystem Research Program., NPRB, Anchorage, AK.
PICES, 2004. Marine Ecosystems of the North Pacific. PICES Special Publication 1, 280p.
Shotwell, S.K., Ferriss, B., Hulson, P.J.F., Laurel, B., Matta, B., Rogers, L., Ableman, A., Adams, G., Aydin, K., Barbeaux, S. and Callahan, M., 2023. Appendix 2.1 Ecosystem and Socioeconomic Profile of the Pacific cod stock in the Gulf of Alaska-Report Card.
Zador, S. and S. Gaichas (editors) and coauthors, 2010. Ecosystem Considerations for 2011 for the North Pacific Groundfish Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report, Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Zador, S. (editor) and coauthors, 2012, North Pacific Fishery Management Council Ecosystem Considerations for 2013 for the North Pacific Groundfish Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report, Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Zador, S. 2015. Ecosystem Considerations 2015 Status of Alaska’s Marine Ecosystems. Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA
Zador, S. and E. Yasumiishi (editors) and coauthors, 2016, Ecosystem Considerations 2017 Status of the Gulf of Alaska Marine Ecosystem North Pacific Fishery Management Council Ecosystem Considerations for 2017 for the North Pacific Groundfish Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report, Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA
Zador, S., and Yasumiishi, E. (editors), and coauthors, 2018, Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Fishery Management Council Ecosystem Status Report 2018, 194 p.
Zador, S., and Yasumiishi, E., Whitehouse, G.A. (editors), and coauthors, 2019, Ecosystem Status Report 2019, The Gulf of Alaska Groundfish Plan Team, North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W. 4th Avenue, Suite 306, Anchorage, AK, 233 p.
Peer-reviewed manuscripts (96)
Aguilar-Islas, A.M., Séguret, M.J., Rember, R., Buck, K.N., Proctor, P., Mordy, C.W. and Kachel, N.B., 2016. Temporal variability of reactive iron over the Gulf of Alaska shelf. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 132, pp.90-106.
Almeida, L.Z., Laurel, B.J., Thalmann, H.L. and Miller, J.A., 2024. Warmer, earlier, faster: Cumulative effects of Gulf of Alaska heatwaves on the early life history of Pacific cod. Elem Sci Anth, 12(1), p.00050.
Amaya, D.J., Jacox, M.G., Alexander, M.A., Scott, J.D., Deser, C., Capotondi, A. and Phillips, A.S., 2023. Bottom marine heatwaves along the continental shelves of North America. Nature Communications, 14(1), p.1038.
Anderson, P. J., and Piatt, J. F. 1999. Community reorganization in the Gulf of Alaska following ocean climate regime shift. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 189: 117e123
Bailey, K. M., S. A. Macklin, R. K. Reed, R. D. Brodeur, W. J. Ingraham, J. F. Piatt, M. Shima, R. C. Francis, P. J. Anderson, T. C. Royer, A. B. Hollowed, D. A. Somerton and W. S. Wooster. 1995. ENSO events in the northern Gulf of Alaska and effects on selected marine fishes. CalCOFI Rep. 36:78-96
Batten, S.D., Moffitt, S., Pegau, W.S. and Campbell, R., 2016. Plankton indices explain interannual variability in Prince William Sound herring first year growth. Fisheries oceanography, 25(4), pp.420-432.
Batten, S.D., Raitsos, D.E., Danielson, S., Hopcroft, R., Coyle, K. and McQuatters-Gollop, A., 2018. Interannual variability in lower trophic levels on the Alaskan Shelf. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 147, p. 58-68, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.023
Bechtol, W.R. and G.H. Kruse. 2010. Factors Affecting Historical Red King Crab Recruitment Around Kodiak Island, Alaska. In: G.H. Kruse, G.L. Eckert, R.J. Foy, R.N. Lipcius, B. Sainte-Marie, D.L. Stram, and D. Woodby (eds.), Biology and Management of Exploited Crab Populations under Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks. doi:10.4027/bmecpcc.2010.18
Boldt, J. L. and L. J. Haldorson, 2002 A Bioenergetics Approach to Estimating Consumption of Zooplankton by Juvenile Pink Salmn in Prince William Sound, Alaska, Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, V9 No. 2, Winter 2002
Capotondi, A., M. A. Alexander, C. Deser and A. J. Miller, 2005, Low-Frequency Pycnocline Variability in the Northeast Pacific, Journal of Physical Oceanography, V. 35, 8, 1403-1420
Chan, P., J. Halfar, B. Williams, S. Hetzinger, R. Steneck, T. Zack, and D. E. Jacob, 2011, Freshening of the Alaska Coastal Current recorded by coralline algal Ba/Ca ratios, J. Geophys. Res., 116, G01032, doi:10.1029/2010JG001548
Cieslak, M.C., Castelfranco, A.M., Roncalli, V., Lenz, P.H. and Hartline, D.K., 2020. t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE): A tool for eco-physiological transcriptomic analysis. Marine genomics, 51, p.100723..
Collie, J.S., and G.H. Kruse. 1998. Estimating king crab abundance from commercial catch and research survey data. Pages 73-83 in G.S. Jamieson and A. Campbell, editors. Proceedings of the North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 125.
Committee to Review the Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem Monitoring Program, National Research Council, 2002, A Century of Ecosystem Science - Planning Long-Term Research in the Gulf of Alaska, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Coyle, K.O., Hermann, A.J., and Hopcroft, R.R., 2019. Modeled spatial-temporal distribution of productivity, chlorophyll, iron and nitrate on the northern Gulf of Alaska shelf relative to field observations. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.05.006.
Coyle, K.O., Pinchuk, A.I., 2003. Annual cycle of zooplankton abundance, biomass and production on the northern Gulf of Alaska shelf, October 1997 through October 2000. Fisheries Oceanography 12, 327–338.
Coyle, K.O., Pinchuk, A.I., 2005. Seasonal cross-shelf distribution of major zooplankton taxa on the northern Gulf of Alaska shelf relative to water mass properties, species depth preferences and vertical migration behavior. Deep Sea Research II 52, 193–216.
Danielson, S. L., E. N. Curchitser, K. S. Hedstrom, T. J. Weingartner, and P. J. Stabeno, 2011. On ocean and sea ice modes of variability in the Bering Sea, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2011JC007389
Danielson, S. L., In review. Glacier Bay Oceanographic Monitoring Program Analysis of Observations, 1993-2016. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/XXXX/NRTR—20XX/XXX. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado
Danielson, S.L., D.F. Hill, K.S. Hedstrom, J. Beamer and E. Curchitser, 2020. Coupled terrestrial hydrological and ocean circulation modeling across the Gulf of Alaska coastal interface. WRR/JGR Oceans special issue on Coastal Hydrology and Oceanography, DOI:10.1029/2019JC015724
Danielson, S.L., T.D. Hennon, D.H. Monson, R.M. Suryan, R.W. Campbell, S.J. Baird, K. Holderied, and T.J. Weingartner. 2019. Chapter 1 A study of marine temperature variations in the northern Gulf of Alaska across years of marine heatwaves and cold spells. In M.R. Suryan, M.R. Lindeberg, and D.R. Aderhold, eds. The Pacific Marine Heatwave: Monitoring During a Major Perturbation in the Gulf of Alaska. Gulf Watch Alaska Long-Term Monitoring Program Draft Synthesis Report (Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Program 19120114). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Anchorage, Alaska
Dorn, M.W., Fadely, B.S., Ormseth, O.A., Rogers, L.A., Suryan, R.M., Szymkowiak, M., Angliss, R.P., Dalton, M.G., Ferriss, B.E., Holsman, K.K. and Jansen, J.K., 2023. Gulf of Alaska Regional Action Plan to Implement the NOAA Fisheries Climate Science Strategy Through 2024 .
Doyle, M.J., Strom, S.S., Coyle, K.O., Hermann, A.J., Ladd, C., Matarese, A.C., Shotwell, S.K., and Hopcroft, R.R., 2019. Early life history phenology among Gulf of Alaska fish species: Strategies, synchronies, and sensitivities. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.06.005.
Ebbesmeyer, C. C., W. J. Ingraham, T. C. Royer, and C. E. Grosch, 2007, Tub Toys Orbit the Pacific Subarctic Gyre, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(1), 1.
Eggers, D. M., C. Tide, and A. M. Carroll, editors. 2013. Run forecasts and harvest projections for 2013 Alaska salmon fisheries and review of the 2012 season. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 13-03, Anchorage.
Evans, W., and J. T. Mathis, 2013. The Gulf of Alaska coastal ocean as an atmospheric CO2 sink, Cont. Shelf Res., 65,52–63
Evans, W., J. T. Mathis, P. Winsor, H. Statscewich, and T. E. Whitledg, 2013. A regression modeling approach for studying carbonate system variability in the northern Gulf of Alaska, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 476–489, doi:10.1029/2012JC008246.
Fedewa, E.J., J. A. Miller and T.P. Hurst, 2015, Pre-settlement processes of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) in relation to interannual variability in the Gulf of Alaska., J. Sea Res., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2015.11.008
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Hallmann, N., Schöne, B.R., Irvine, G.V., Burchell, M., Cockelet, E.D., Hilton, M.R., 2011. An improved understanding of the Alaska coastal current: the application of a bivalve growth temperature model to reconstruct freshwater-influenced paleoenvironments. Palaios 26, 346e363.
Hastings, K.K., Gelatt, T.S., Maniscalco, J.M., Jemison, L.A., Towell, R., Pendleton, G.W. and Johnson, D.S., 2023. Reduced survival of Steller sea lions in the Gulf of Alaska following marine heatwave. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, p.1127013.
Helser, T., Kastelle, C., Crowell, A., Ushikubo, T., Orland, I.J., Kozdon, R. and Valley, J.W., 2017. A 200-year archaeozoological record of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) life history as revealed through ion microprobe oxygen isotope ratios in otoliths. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
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Laurel, B.J. and Rogers, L.A., 2020. Loss of spawning habitat and prerecruits of Pacific cod during a Gulf of Alaska heatwave. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 77(4), pp.644-65
Lees, D.C., Driskell, W.B. and Erikson, D.E., 2025. Growth rates, standing stocks, and estimates of net primary production for the kelps Agarum clathratum, Hedophyllum nigripes, and Eualaria fistulosa (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) in Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet, Alaska. Botanica Marina, 68(2), pp.113-132.
Lindeberg, M.R., Baker, M., Dickson, D.M., Kimmel, D.G., Ormseth, O.A. and Strom, S.L., 2022. Long-term monitoring and integrated research–understanding ecosystem processes in the Gulf of Alaska. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, p.105208.
Litzow, M. A., L. Ciannelli, P. Puerta, J. J. Wettstein, R. R. Rykaczewski, and M. Opiekun. 2018. Non-stationary climate-salmon relationships in the Gulf of Alaska. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences285:20181855
Litzow, M.A., Abookire, A.A., Duffy-Anderson, J.T., Laurel, B.J., Malick, M.J. and Rogers, L.A., 2022. Predicting year class strength for climate-stressed gadid stocks in the Gulf of Alaska. Fisheries Research, 249, p.106250.
Litzow, M.A., Hunsicker, M.E., Ward, E.J., Anderson, S.C., Gao, J., Zador, S., Batten, S., Dressel, S., Duffy-Anderson, J., Fergusson, E. and Hopcroft, R., 2020. Evaluating ecosystem change as Gulf of Alaska temperature exceeds the limits of preindustrial variability. Progress in Oceanography, p.102393.
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McNeel, K.W., 2024. Improving Species Identification, Age, and Life History Information for Shortraker Rockfish (Sebastes borealis) in Prince William Sound, Alaska, Using Sagittal Otolith Analyses. University of Alaska Fairbanks.
Miller, J.A., Almeida, L.Z., Rogers, L.A., Thalmann, H.L., Forney, R.M. and Laurel, B.J., 2024. Age, not growth, explains larger body size of Pacific cod larvae during recent marine heatwaves. Scientific Reports, 14(1), p.19313.
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Nielsen, J.M., Rogers, L.A., Kimmel, D.G., Deary, A.L. and Duffy-Anderson, J.T., 2019. Contribution of walleye pollock eggs to the Gulf of Alaska food web in spring. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 632, pp.1-12.
Olson, A.P., Siddon, C.E., and Eckert, G.L., 2018. Spatial Variability in Size at Maturity of Golden King Crab (Lithodes aequispinus) and Implications for Fisheries Management. Royal Society Open Science, 5(3), doi:10.1098/rsos.171802.
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Contacts:
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Thomas C. Royer Eminent Professor of Oceanography, retired Old Dominion University University of Alaska Fairbanks tcroyer@gmail.com
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Thomas J. Weingartner Emeritus Professor, retired University of Alaska Fairbanks tjweingartner@alaska.edu |
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